Operating in some of the world’s most demanding airports requires exceptional flying skill, rigorous preparation and precise execution, according to Zbigniew Mlotkowski, Director of Crew Training at European charter airline KlasJet.
Pilots must be trained to handle a range of hazards, including short runways, surrounding terrain, unpredictable weather and complex procedures. Airports such as Madeira (Funchal) and Innsbruck are well known for these challenges, requiring aircraft to navigate narrow approach paths surrounded by mountains or over open cliffs, often in turbulent wind conditions.
“Special procedures are required for each phase of flight, such as approach, landing, and missed approach,” said Mlotkowski. “The higher weight of the aircraft requires higher engine thrust settings. The same applies to higher air temperatures. There are usually special procedures designed for such an airport, which allow continuing safe flight even in case of flight with only one engine operating.”
Flight planning becomes more complex at such airports. Fuel allowances must consider possible holding patterns or diversions, and runway performance calculations are more critical.
To ensure safe operations, pilots must complete simulator training tailored to the airport. These sessions replicate topography, man-made structures and weather conditions, allowing crews to practise both normal and emergency procedures in high-risk scenarios.
“Simulator provides detailed visualisation of all-natural and man-built objects in the vicinity of the airport, preparing pilots for flight to the real airport,” Mlotkowski said. “There is the possibility to activate all possible weather phenomena, which are applicable for particular airports, so pilots can improve their skills and be ready to conduct safe flight in worst weather conditions.”
Training is led by instructors who must be specially approved to teach procedures at specific airports. For complex airports, only captains are permitted to conduct landings and take-offs. Captains must complete training before their first flight to the airport and undergo refresher training every six months. First officers and cabin crew also play supporting roles in flight safety.
“The key to safe operations at challenging airports lies in our pilots’ ability to adapt and respond to complex variables. It’s not just about training. It’s about continuous learning and precision in execution,” Mlotkowski said.
KlasJet, part of the Avia Solutions Group, provides charter and ACMI leasing services across Europe, Africa and the Middle East, operating a fleet of business and VIP-configured aircraft.
